An Interactive Field Guide

True Position

Two shops, opposite coasts, the same drawing. They build two parts that look identical — and only one fits. Both shops are right.

Geometric Dimensioning & Tolerancing is the language engineers invented so a drawing has exactly one reading. It looks like a wall of cryptic glyphs. Here is the grammar — and every diagram on this site is drawn by code, not pasted in.

Read in order — but start at the beginning. Start with chapter i →

§Why the Language Exists

  1. i
    The Tyranny of Plus-or-Minus Why an entire second language had to be invented on top of ordinary tolerances.
    Start here →

§The Grammar

  1. ii
    Anatomy of a Specification The whole language fits inside one little boxed sentence — learn to read it left to right.
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§Datums & Reference Frames

  1. iii
    Datums and the Datum Reference Frame Before you can say where, you must agree on from where — and that means nailing down all six degrees of freedom.
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§The Symbols

  1. iv
    Form: The Controls That Need No Reference Four shapes a feature must hold all by itself, with no datum in sight.
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  2. v
    Orientation: Angle Relative to a Datum Perpendicular, parallel, or at a stated angle — to something.
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§Material Condition & Location

  1. vi
    Material Condition: MMC, LMC & Bonus How a tolerance can grow — for free — as a part departs from its tightest size.
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  2. vii
    Position, Virtual Condition & the Gauge The workhorse of GD&T — where a feature lives, and the go-gauge that proves it fits.
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§The Universal Control & Rotation

  1. viii
    Profile: The Universal Control One symbol that can stand in for almost every other — form, orientation, and location of a surface, at once.
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  2. ix
    Runout: Controlling Rotation For things that spin — how much a surface wobbles as the part turns about its datum axis.
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§Synthesis

  1. x
    Reading a Real Drawing Put it all together — walk a complete multi-FCF drawing and reconstruct the designer's intent.
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§Where It's Going

  1. xi
    Model-Based Definition: The Drawing Dissolves Where it's going — GD&T moves off the 2-D page and onto the 3-D model itself, as machine-readable PMI.
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